NJICLE Holds its Annual Environmental Law Section Forum

On the weekend of June 24-26, 2011, the New Jersey Institute of Continuing Legal Education (“NJICLE”) in cooperation with the New Jersey State Bar Association (“NJSBA”), and New Jersey Corporate Counsel Association, held its annual Environmental Law Section Forum Weekend (“the Forum”). Taking place in Avalon, New Jersey, the Forum featured three days of seminars covering various hot-button environmental topics including, Funding for Remediating Sites, Vapor Intrusion, the LSRP Program, Non-Governmental Organizations’ Perspectives on Issues and Resolutions, the well-known NJDEP v. Occidental case also referred to as the Lower Passaic River litigation, Climate Change, and rounded out the weekend with two programs on Ethical Issues including Alternative Fee Arrangements and Multi-Party Settlements.

David Brooks of Gibbons P.C. was the moderator and a panelist for the Vapor Intrusion presentation, an issue that has received increased attention in recent years from both US EPA and New Jersey. Other speakers at the Forum included not only legal practitioners but the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Non-Profit Organizations, and Private Sector Companies. Jeannie Fox, President of the New Jersey Board of Public Utilities gave a keynote speech during the Forum focusing on solar issues in New Jersey.

As a testament to the increased interest in environmental topics as well as the historical success of the Forum, program attendance increased over last year. Attendees earned 11.4 Continuing Legal Education credits including several highly sought after ethics/professionalism credits.


Sandro G. Ocasio is an Associate in the Gibbons Real Property & Environmental Department.

National Association of Women Lawyers Confers Outstanding Member Award on Nancy Lottinville

On Thursday, July 21, 2011, Nancy A. Lottinville, Esq., Counsel to Gibbons P.C.’s Newark based Real Property & Environmental Department was awarded the Virginia S. Mueller Outstanding Member Award by the National Association of Women Lawyers, the first national bar association for women established in 1899. Ms. Lottinville, along with six other attorneys chosen from NAWL’s nationwide membership, accepted the award at NAWL’s Annual Meeting held at the Waldorf Astoria Hotel in New York City. NAWL presents the Outstanding Member Award to NAWL members for exemplary contributions to NAWL. Ms. Lottinville’s contributions include several years of service on multiple committees including the 2011 Co-Chair of the Annual Meeting Logistics Committee, as well as Program Committee member for the 2010 New Jersey NAWL Night of Giving and the 2011 New Jersey Supreme Court Appellate Advocacy Program.

Ms. Lottinville is the Co-Chair of the Women’s Initiative Community Outreach Committee at Gibbons. Her practice focuses on real estate development and redevelopment, land use permitting and commercial real estate transactions for developers of shopping centers, retail stores, banks, franchisors and mixed commercial - residential developments, as well extensive land use due diligence investigations for regional and national investors in a variety of real estate development projects.

Others honored at NAWL’s Annual Meeting include: Brooksley Born, who received the Public Service Award; Susan Blount, who accepted the President’s Award on behalf of Prudential Financial Inc. Legal Department; Judge Harold Baer of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York and Marc Firestone , General Counsel of Kraft Foods who each received the NAWL Lead by Example Award; and Michele Coleman Mayes who received the M. Ashley Dickerson Award for the promotion of diversity in the legal profession. NAWL’s most prestigious award, the Arabella Babb Mansfield Award - named for the first woman admitted to a state bar in the United States - was presented to Jamie Gorelick, one of the longest serving Deputy Attorney’s General of the United States, a former general counsel to the Departments of Defense and Energy, a former president of the Washington D.C. Bar and current Co-Chair of the ABA Commission on Legal Ethics.

Ms. Lottinville's colleague, Luis Diaz, Esq., a Director and Chief Diversity Officer at Gibbons, participated in an afternoon CLE program panel which focused on overcoming unconscious bias. Gibbons is also represented within NAWL by Kristin Sostowski, who is a Director in Gibbons Employment & Labor Law Department. Kristen was sworn in as a new member of NAWL’s Executive Board at the NAWL Annual Meeting. Christine Amalfe, Gibbons Employment & Labor Law Department Chair, is also a member of the Board of the NAWL Foundation.

A New Jersey Statute That May Go a Long Way On Your Next Solar or Wind Project!

Experienced New Jersey developers and land use attorneys understand the challenges that face an applicant when the proposed use is not expressly permitted in the municipality’s zoning district where the subject property is located. The challenge is only more complicated if the proposed use involves novel or unfamiliar technology such as renewable energy. However, in New Jersey, the government has been proactive in welcoming renewable energy projects through grants and legislation, making New Jersey definitely the place to be if you want to develop property geared towards the creation of a renewable energy facility powered by solar or wind.

The New Jersey Municipal Land Use Law (“MLUL”) has shed a ray of sunshine onthose developers who wish to construct a solar or wind renewable energy facility. Developers of a solar or wind renewable energy facility must be aware of N.J.S.A. 40:55D-66.11. This section of the MLUL expressly holds that a municipality must permit as-of-right the construction of a renewable energy facility when the subject property is located in one of the municipality’s industrial districts. The only conditions being that the property (or properties) be: (1) comprised of 20 or more contiguous acres; and (2) under common ownership. The statute defines “renewable energy facility” as a “facility that engages in the production of electric energy from solar technologies, photovoltaic technologies, or wind energy.”

Although this statute may seem clear on its face, it does raise some questions for land use attorneys and developers.

  • First, what if a property satisfies the acreage and ownership requirements, does the sole use contemplated for the property need to be a renewable energy facility (i.e. a solar farm)?
  • Second, can a renewable energy facility be deemed an accessory use or structure to a principal use that is pre-existing on the subject property?
  • Third, does the renewable energy facility have to produce energy to a certain amount of users or can it be for a single user?

All of these questions remain unanswered as the development of renewable energy facilities in New Jersey remains in its infancy. This land use attorney foresees litigation over these unanswered questions on the horizon as local land use boards and zoning officials will have to make critical determinations on whether “use variances” are required despite the fact that the MLUL has been amended to facilitate the development of these types of projects.

Land use attorneys should be aware of this recent amendment to the MLUL because it supersedes municipal zoning laws which may not expressly permit renewable energy facilities in the zone where the subject property is located. Developers seeking out properties for their next solar project should always keep in mind that if a property satisfies the criteria set forth in N.J.S.A. 40:55D-66.11, the land use approval process may become a lot easier and possibly more resistant to challenges on an appeal of the approval by a third-party objector.


Jason R. Tuvel is an Associate in the Gibbons Real Property and Environmental Department.

How to Avoid "Sun-block" - New Jersey's Solar Easements Act

As more and more business owners and homeowners in New Jersey take advantage of the incentives available to build and maintain solar energy systems and solar panels, it’s important that such investments be protected from unwanted disputes with neighbors. A little known New Jersey statute may be able to help.

Recent statistics on New Jersey’s Clean Energy Program website indicate that New Jersey is the fastest growing market for solar power in the United States, and has the largest number of solar panel installations, second only to California, where neighborly disputes over trees blocking solar panels, solar panels impairing views, causing glare and other general nuisance claims are becoming more and more common. To avoid the same pitfalls in New Jersey, those installing solar panels should take advantage of New Jersey’s Solar Easements Act (N.J.S.A. 46:3-24, et. seq.), on the books since 1978.

Solar easements prohibit those giving the easement, for example, a neighbor, from obstructing the benefiting property’s access to sunlight. Under a solar easement, the neighbor would be precluded from construction or placement of anything in a specified area described by vertical and horizontal angles, that would block sunlight to the solar panels on the adjacent property. The Act grants formal legal standing to solar easements and sets forth required content for easement instruments. The easement instrument must include:

  • A description of the easement
  • Terms/conditions under which the easement will be granted or terminated
  • Provisions setting forth any compensation to the owner of the property being burdened by the easement in return for maintaining the easement or compensation to the owner of the property benefiting from the easement in the event of interference with the easement

Those looking to obtain a solar easement from their neighbors need to know that granting of such easements is not mandated by the Act, so negotiations with their neighbors will be required. It’s recommended that interested parties work with an attorney to negotiate and draft solar easements. It may be annoying to negotiate such a document prior to installing a solar energy system, but it could avoid future problems from neighbors who have second thoughts after a solar installation is built.


Ivette P. Alvarado is an Associate in the Gibbons Real Property & Environmental Department.

Muddied Waters - EPA's Stormwater Rules for Construction Projects

Roman lawyers were timed by water clocks which they realized could be slowed by the addition of dirt or sand and thereby gaining more time to argue. Hence lawyers are often cited for “muddying the waters.” In the case challenging the US Environmental Protection Agency’s stormwater rules for construction sites, it is the court that has muddied the waters. By holding the suit in abeyance, but keeping the problematic standard in place, the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals has managed to confuse all of the parties.

The USEPA issued construction stormwater rules in December 2009, which were immediately challenged by the National Association of Home Builders and Wisconsin Builders Association in the Seventh Circuit as concerns the numeric turbidity value. The rules were scheduled to go into effect on February 1, 2010. EPA then filed an unopposed motion to vacate the numeric limitation pending a study to issue a new rule in November 2012. The Seventh Circuit essentially denied the motion as to vacating the numeric turbidity standard but apparently agreed to hold the suit in abeyance until February 2012 by granting the EPA’s motion “to the extent that the case is remanded to the EPA for further proceedings.” Thus, the numeric limitation stands: it is enforceable even though EPA has admitted in its brief that the process by which it was developed was flawed. A truly muddy situation.


John H. Klock is a Director in the Gibbons Real Property & Environmental Department.

New Jersey Business & Industry Association Recognizes Company Excellence

On Wednesday evening, October 19, 2010, the New Jersey Business and Industry Association (NJBIA) presented its annual "Awards For Excellence" to eleven New Jersey businesses for laudable Business Expansion, Environmental Quality, as Outstanding Employers, and for Public Service. Gibbons P.C. was amongst four companies honored for Public Service, joining two Gibbons clients, Peloton Advantage, LLC, the winner of the Business Expansion Award, and Hall’s Warehouse Corp., honored with a NJ Businesses Environmental Quality Award.

The "Gibbons Cares" community outreach initiative was recognized with a Public Service Award for its support of five focus areas: women in transition, fellowships fostering leadership in the next generation of New Jersey minority students, the City of Newark and its institutions, the needs of New Jersey food banks and the support of charities assisting Gibbons’ extended "family."

Peloton Advantage, LLC serves the pharmaceutical, biotech and medical device industries by providing publication planning, medical content development and sales training services. Peloton’s "good news" business experience is that it has experienced dramatic and rapid expansion in both numbers of employees, with a 428% increase, and in revenues, up 386% over the last five year period.

Hall’s Warehouse Corp. received an Environmental Quality Award based on its installation of New Jersey’s largest private commercial rooftop solar energy installation. Hall’s has installed 30,282 solar panels or several acres of panels that produce renewable solar energy at its South Plainfield warehouse facility. Hall’s investment in renewable solar power has reduced its carbon emissions by 2,250 tons per year!


Nancy A. Lottinville is Counsel to the Gibbons Real Property & Environmental Department.

USEPA Issues Plan for Encouraging Reuse of Land Fills and Mines for Renewable Energy Development

On October 15, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (“USEPA”) released a draft plan addressing its RE Powering Americas Land Initiative. The Initiative is designed to encourage development of renewable energy projects on current and formerly contaminated land and mine sites. The plan focuses on providing useful resources for communities, developers, industry, state and local governments or anyone interested in reusing such sites for renewable energy development.

The tools on the USEPA website include mapping and fact sheets for sites where USEPA and the U.S. Department of Energy National Renewable Energy Lab are analyzing the potential for wind, solar, or small hydro development. The mapping tool provides USEPA’s site name and identification information, the program managing the site; a link to the site's cleanup status information; and specific acreage and renewable energy resource information. Another interactive map offers information on the various federal and state incentives available for such projects.

As part of the plan, USEPA will reach out to prospective developers and investors though meetings and webinars. The first such webinar is scheduled for October 21, 2010, at 3:00 pm EDT. It will provide an overview of how siting renewable energy on brownfields benefits communities and how local governments can strategically plan for renewable energy siting on contaminated sites. Speakers will discuss their experiences on siting renewable energy project on contaminated sites, including challenges and advantages associated with using contaminated land.

Over time, hundreds of thousands of properties and millions of acres across the country have been damaged by pollution. Reusing these properties for renewable energy could allow these unproductive properties to be returned to sustainable and beneficial uses that are protective of health and the environment.


Susanne Peticolas is a Director in the Gibbons Real Property & Environmental Department.

Solar Energy Development in New Jersey: Right Time, Right Place!

All of us are intrigued by the concept of utilizing a clean, renewable energy source to generate abundant and cheap power for our homes and businesses. Some of us have even investigated installing a renewable energy system, but have come away disappointed due to onerous regulatory obstacles and the high cost associated with these installations. That is, unless you are looking into installing a solar energy power facility in New Jersey.

We explored the business case for solar energy in a recent article published by the Association of Corporate Counsel New Jersey Chapter. In addition, on August 19, 2010, Gibbons sponsored a solar energy conference in Woodbridge, NJ, attended by over 500 business owners, senior executives and industry representatives.


Douglas J. Janacek is a Director in the Gibbons Real Property and Environmental Department. Nancy A. Lottinville, Counsel to the Gibbons Real Property & Environmental Department, assisted in the preparation of this post.

Douglas Janacek: Panelist at Standing-Room Only "Solar Energy for New Jersey Businesses" Event

A standing-room only audience of more than 500 business owners, senior executives and industry representatives throughout the state attended a conference on August 19, sponsored by Gibbons P.C. and EisnerAmper LLP - Solar Energy for New Jersey Businesses, Developing & Financing Your Own On-Site Solar Facility - at the Woodbridge Hilton in Iselin, NJ.

The program (as covered by NJBIZ) featured elected officials, state representatives, and industry executives, who discussed the state of solar energy projects for business and other organizations in New Jersey - the second most active state for solar power installations and the seventh for venture capital investments in clean energy projects.

Speaking about real estate and development considerations affecting solar facility design and installation, Douglas Janacek, Co-Chair of the Gibbons Real Property & Environmental Department, emphasized the widespread desire of stakeholders to see construction of alternative energy facilities. In New Jersey, Mr. Janacek noted that there are a myriad of opportunities to locate solar facilities not just on new sites, but also existing, developed sites of all types and sizes.

“With millions of dollars available from venture capital funds and other financing sources, together with Federal and State mandates, New Jersey has become the leading marketplace for solar investment in the nation, and this is just the beginning,” said Frank T. Cannone, who leads the Gibbons Corporate Department and its Renewable Energy Finance Team. “This event addressed the unique opportunities available for businesses to get into the forefront in this growing area.”

“The business case for solar projects is a strong one in this state,” said Rich Cleaveland, Partner at EisnerAmper LLP. “This conference drew a standing-room only crowd, with over 700 people requesting to attend, because it provided valuable information on building a successful solar energy project from financing and assembling a team through design, operation and maintenance.”

The Keynote Address was given by New Jersey State Assemblyman Upendra Chivukula, who is the Chairman of New Jersey's Telecommunications and Utilities Committee and the behind-the-scenes author of innovative energy legislation that is fueling New Jersey's unprecedented investment in solar energy. He discussed why New Jersey is an ideal location for solar project development, the state’s creation of incentives for businesses to develop smart grid, net-metering solar electric projects, and the future of continued energy growth within the state.

Mark Kuehn, Counsel in the Gibbons Corporate Department and President of the Association for Corporate Growth, NJ Chapter, welcomed the group and provided an overview of the solar marketplace. Steve Morgan, past Chairman and CEO of JCP&L and current President and CEO of American Clean Energy, a PPA developer, investor, owner and operator of solar electric systems, discussed the history of energy generation in the state and the evolution of the solar market.

Building the Project
The first panel provided insight into “Building the Project,” and covered the Design Phase including choosing the team, location, and system; Construction Phase and how to construct a project without business interruption; and Post-Construction Phase including operating, utilizing and maintaining your system.

Panelists and their topics of discussion included:

  • Accounting topics - Rich Cleaveland, Partner at EisnerAmper (Moderator)
  • Construction of solar energy projects - Al Bucknam, CEO SunDurance Energy
  • Engineering and design of systems - George Cruden, Director of Market Operations, Power & Communications Market Team, Clough Harbor Associates
  • Land use and development law - Douglas Janacek, Co-Chair, Real Property & Environmental Department, Gibbons P.C.
  • Experience as an owner of an existing solar site - Valerie Montecalvo, President, Bayshore Recycling Corp.
  • General contractor insight - Steve Morgan, President and CEO, American Clean Energy, LLC, and past senior executive of First Energy Corporation including CEO and Chairman of Jersey Central Power & Light

Structuring the Project
The second panel discussed “Structuring the Project,” with a focus on ownership, power purchase agreements, financing options, incentives including solar renewable energy credits, and the current regulatory environment.

The panelists and their areas covered included:

  • Corporate structure and project finance - Frank Cannone, Chair, Corporate Department, Gibbons P.C. (Moderator)
  • Financial models, tax and accounting topics - Anthony DiGiacinto, EisnerAmper
  • State incentives - Paula Durand, Senior Venture Officer, Clean Technology, New Jersey Economic Development Authority
  • Solar Renewable Energy Credits (SRECs) - Michael Flett, President and CEO, Flett Exchange LLC
  • Lending and financing opportunities - Kurt Fuoti, TD Bank
  • The regulatory environment and approvals - Ronald Reisman, Manager of Business Outreach, New Jersey Board of Public Utilities
  • Business financing and PPAs - James Rice, CEO, Nautilus Solar Energy, LLC

Finally, a demonstration of the unique software offered to track solar energy projects was offered by Govi Rao, President and Chief Executive Officer of Noveda Technologies, Inc.

The enthusiastic response to the conference, coupled with the State's demonstrated commitment to renewable energy such as solar and wind power indicate that New Jersey is a key location for investment and development.

Here Comes the Sun: New Jersey Exempts Solar Panels from Impervious Coverage Limits

A recently enacted New Jersey law encourages the use of solar energy by allowing solar panels to be excluded from the computation of impervious coverage when determining whether a development project complies with impervious coverage limitations. The new law, P.L.2010, c.4 , amends the Pinelands Protection Act, Coastal Area Facility Review Act, Highlands Water Protection and Planning Act, County Planning Act, Waterfront Development Law, and Municipal Land Use Law, as well as laws pertaining to the conversion of age-restricted community developments.

In each of these laws, the amendment defines a solar panel as “an elevated panel or plate, or a canopy or array thereof, that captures and converts solar radiation to produce power, and includes flat plate, focusing solar collectors, or photovoltaic solar cells and excludes the base or foundation of the panel, plate, canopy, or array.” Any solar panel meeting that definition can be excluded when computing impervious coverage.

The new solar panel law is just one of the initiatives which encourages the use of solar and other green energy sources. As recently reported on this blog in a post titled New Jersey Proposes Addition of Solar Power Facilities to its Green Initiative, identical bills, Senate S2126 and Assembly A3139, are pending before their respective house of the New Jersey’s legislature and would amend the MLUL to provide that Solar and Wind Energy Generation Facilities, when installed on the sites of former landfills, quarries and other extractive industries, are permitted uses. If the proposal is enacted, this status would be equally applicable to both public and private sites where landfills, quarries or other extractive industries are closed or closing.

Clearly, New Jersey is serious about alternative energy and is working legislatively to make it a reality.


Howard D. Geneslaw is a Director in the Gibbons Real Property & Environmental Department.

New Jersey Proposes Addition of Solar Power Facilities to its Green Initiative

Solar and Wind Energy Generation facilities may soon join the category of uses designated as permitted of right by New Jersey statute rather than by individual municipal ordinance, thus preempting municipal zoning powers granted under the Municipal Land Use Law, N.J.S.A. 40:55D-1 et seq. (MLUL).

Identical Bills, Senate S2126 and Assembly A3139 are pending before their respective house of the New Jersey’s legislature and would amend the MLUL to provide that Solar and or Wind Energy Generation Facilities, when installed on the sites of former landfills, quarries and other extractive industries, are permitted uses. This status would be equally applicable to both public and private sites where landfills, quarries or other extractive industries are closed or closing.

Environmentally sensitive areas remain subject to regulation. Although the Bills specifically permit Solar Facilities in the environmentally sensitive Pinelands Region, per the amendment that cleared the Senate Environment and Energy Committee on July 16, 2010, Wind Generation would not be permitted in the Pinelands. Both Solar and Wind Generation Facilities are permitted in landfills and quarries located elsewhere in the State. Notably, the Bills do not regulate height or size of the Solar or Wind Generation equipment, and size or bulk standards are presumably left to municipal zoning ordinance control.

These Bills would allow such unattractive sites as former landfills be put to productive use and encourage the growth of alternative energy sources in the state. This would be particularly welcome in the Pinelands where it is estimated there are 80 old landfills in towns which do not have the money to properly cap them. Under the proposed Bills, these towns would be able to obtain needed revenues from solar energy developers.


Nancy A. Lottinville is Counsel to the Gibbons Real Property & Environmental Department.